Burrell: 'I wanted to carry on playing'
Warning: This article includes details of racially offensive language and behaviour
Ex-England player Luther Burrell states that going public to reveal racial discrimination in rugby union brought his professional journey to an premature conclusion.
In a June 2022, Burrell described racism as being "widespread" in the sport, displaying digital communications and remembering training ground "comments" he had been exposed to while playing for Newcastle.
Then 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only professional rugby since has been three appearances with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I have absolutely had to retire because of what went on," he told reporters.
"I wanted to continue competing, naturally I did. I sought that, and it collapsed when word came out that there were inquiries going on.
"This situation was challenging - I had to simply accept the fate and accept that this entire process is a lot bigger than me."
A sports organization investigation in April 2023 found Burrell's allegations were accurate "likely correct", but said it could not collect sufficient proof to categorically say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell started all of England's international games in 2014-15, but was controversially excluded for their squad for the 2015 World Cup
Burrell revealed to media he also encountered discrimination within the England set-up, during a international career that saw him earn 15 caps after his first game in 2014.
"I have had multiple traumatic experiences within England camp," he said.
"Some discrimination and some just outdated thinking that's really unacceptable."
Racism had become normalised in team environments, in Burrell's view.
"This is something that has been dressed up as banter and that's been the problem that I've personally experienced and witnessed," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"Over a period of time you just learn to think that it's the standard and that is fine and that it's not harmful, but that's incorrect."
Burrell says he was eventually motivated to speak out after a team-mate at Newcastle called him as a "enslaved person" and told him to put sun cream on his wrists and ankles "where your shackles were."
The governing body said Burrell's disclosures had led to "a deeper look at the environment within the elite game and to the introduction of an action plan for the professional game."
"We has placed significant attention on inclusion and inclusion in rugby union and a great deal of work undertaken both before and after Luther Burrell came forward and revealed his experiences of racism and classism," it continued.
"We are continuing work with teams and stakeholders in the professional game to work for a culture of acceptance but recognize this takes time and is an continuous effort."
Every Prem and women's rugby club now has in-person training on creating inclusive environments, with its success tracked via specific documentation and feedback.
All England players, including age-grade squads, are trained in being "engaged observers" to step in and protect others from damaging conduct.
"You should be so pleased of what you have accomplished," Burrell's mother Joyce said to him as part of the film about his experiences.
"We know it has had this effect on you and finished your career, but in our eyes, you have achieved so well. We are so proud of you and to have you as a son."
Burrell's father Geoff died soon after the filming of the film, and his sibling passed away recently.
Burrell, who was raised on a social housing in Huddersfield, continues his work to make the game more accessible.
His charitable organization works to connect with children in under-served communities and support them thrive both on the pitch with free sports coaching, guidance and nutrition education.
"My motivations are pure, I want to see the evolution of the sport and if nobody else is prepared to tell their experience then I'll persist to advocate for that cause because I'm not just doing this for myself," he explained.
"We have an obligation to make the game as great as it can be and the longer I speak about it perhaps the more confident fellow players will become about sharing their personal experiences as well.
"I take the bull by the horns and keep carrying this banner and keep supporting this responsibility and accomplish what I can to develop opportunities and make the game more attractive and more inclusive.
"There's a lot of disadvantaged children and a lot of poverty and I honestly believe that rugby has the potential to change their lives, just as it transformed things for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a return to previous team Northampton in November 2022